Effects of chromium on testes and protective role of mulberry

Background: The chromium supplements and medicines are used to reduce sugar and boost sexual performance without recommendations. This practice may cause hyperlipidemia and testicular anomalies which can be partially ameliorated by natural phytochemicals of Mulberry [Morus nigra] fruit extract [MFE]

Objective: To determine the protective effects of mulberry [Morus Nigra] against injury on testes caused by hexavalent chromium

Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at DHQ teaching Hospital Sargodha and experimental work was conducted in Sargodha University. Thirty male mice [Mus musculus] were equally grouped as: C; Control, Cr; 50ppm in water ad-libitum [10 days] followed withdrawal for 5days, Cr-M; as Cr group but followed by 0.25mL/12h MFE and sacrificed on 16[th] day. The laboratory work was completed in 3 months. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 17

Results: Cr[+6] exposure significantly [p < 0.05] reduced sugar but caused hyperlipidemia, atrophy, steatosis, cirrhosis and necrosis in testes. The accumulation of debris with tail-less sperms raise cross sectional area of seminiferous tubules [ST] to generate pressure potential to lyse some ST. There significant [P< 0.001] reduction of Spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and dislodged parrot beak headed spermatozoa [PBH] /area specifies sperm deformities and infertility, while Mulberry ameliorates such anomalies

Conclusion: Cr contamination in water and food supplementation may produce histpatholgical changes in the testes while Mulberry has rehabilitation and metal chelating capability to recover anomalies

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of lady health workers regarding family planning program in tehsil muzaffargarh

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of lady health workers [LHWs] regarding implementation of family planning program in Tehsil MuzaffarGarh

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out from December 2015 to May 2016 involving Lady Health Workers from 10 union councils of Tehsil Muzaffar Garh including both urban and rural areas

Material and Methods: The data were collected by interviewing 307 LHWs using a structured closed ended questionnaire

The data were entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22

Results: Lady health workers [LHWs] demonstrated a good knowledge ranging from 78% to 99% of different aspects of family planning. They were poorly informed regarding pregnancy complications, breast feeding and infertility. Almost all of them 305 [99%] showed positive attitude regarding job, trainings, compatibility of family planning with religion, although were unsatisfied with their salaries and monetary incentives

Conclusions: LHWs have a good knowledge and positive attitude towards family planning except knowledge about infertility, pregnancy complications and breast feeding. Family planning practices are difficult in rural areas because of low literacy rate and dominance of mothers in law, which needs attention

Mitigating effects of Jambul against lead induced toxicity in epididymis and vas deferens of mice

Background: Precious fruits like jambul are neglected and wasted while environmental pollutants like lead intake remain overlooked

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Jambul pulp extract on lead detrimental effects in pseudostratified epithelium and the stereocilia of mice epididymis and vas deferens

Materials and Methods: Thirty young males mice [Mus musculus] were distributed randomly in 3 groups [n= 10] called control, Pb [Lead] and Pb-J [Lead-Jambul]. The Pb and Pb-J were provided 50ppm Pb in drinking water ad libitum for 15 days and Pb free water for the next 5 days. The Pb-J group received 0.2ml jambul pulp extract on 12 hourly bases. Control group was not given any treatment. Organs [epididymis and vas deference] were recovered on 21[st] days after euthanasia. The organs were finally processed for histological and micrometric studies

Results: Marked histologic and micrometric changes in both organs were noted in Pb group. These include significant [P

Conclusion: The results indicate that epididymis and vas deferens are highly sensitive to Pb exposure while Jambul pulp extract has shown rich mitigating potentials against such histopathologies

Cystic adenomatoid malformation in a young male adult with recurrent respiratory tract infections

We present a case of 26-year-old male with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. His medical history started after birth as recurrent respiratory tract infections and breathlessness during his infancy which persisted even after continued medical treatment. Cystic bronchiectasis of right lower lobe was suspected. On cross-sectional imaging at our hospital, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of right lower lobe was diagnosed. The clinical features, radiological characteristics, differential diagnosis and prognosis of the disease are discussed

Effect of skimmed milk on the absorption and metabolism of5-fluorouracil [5-fu] in animals

Several modalities of drug administration have been investigated to improve bioavailability and to reduce 5-FU related toxicity. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of skimmed milk on the absorption and metabolism of 5-FU in rabbits, mice and dogs. It was further aimed to determine its route related toxicity in rabbits. Plasma concentration of both 5-FU and its metabolite 5-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridine [5-Fdurd] was determined using HPLC. The absorption of 5-FU co-administered with skimmed milk was significantly higher as compared to its co-administration with water in rabbits and mice [p < 0.001], whereas no significant difference was observed in dogs. The plasma concentration of 5-Fdurd a major metabolite of 5-FU was significantly higher in water group when compared with skimmed milk group in rabbits and mice [p < 0.05], whereas no significant difference was observed in dogs. Route related toxicity was also determined in rabbits. Various hematological parameters were studied at 4[th] and 7[th] day after oral and intravenous administration of 5-FU. WBCs count was significantly decreased in intravenous group as compared to control and oral groups [p < 0.001]. It was concluded that co-administration of skimmed milk with 5-FU increases its absorption and reduces its metabolism. Skimmed milk also reduces 5-FU related toxicity in rabbits

Radiological feature of hepatic cirrhosis hepatitis "c" in Pakistan our experience at department of radiology, services institute of medical sciences

Objects: to evaluate the accuracy of liver fibrosis stage by utilizing the techniques of advanced ultrasound performance in patients with chronic liver disease with Hepatitis C

Material and Method: this cross-sectional study was prospectively designed by including 101 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of chronic liver disease including liver cirrhosis between January and December 2010. The ultrasound score was determined from both hepatic lobes and the average scoring was calculated for liver edge, liver surface and liver parenchymal texture. A score of O was given when no abnormality was observed; score 1 for mild abnormality; score of 2 for moderate abnormality; and a score of 3 for severe abnormality. Scoring was given for a blunted edge and severe irregular surface or a highly coarse texture only when these characteristics were clearly confirmed by the low frequency probe

Results: out of 101 subjects, 63.4 % were male and 36.6 % were female with age range of.23-70 years [mean age 50.73 years SD+/- 10]. 17.8 % subjects were between age group 20-40 years, 67 .3 % between age group 41- 60 years and 14.9 % between 61 years and above. Mean duration of illness was 2.86 years [minimum 1 year and maximum 15 years]. Mean liver size was 12.261 with SD+ 2.7145. Mean portal vein size was 1.662 SD+ 2.3247. Mean spleen size was 71.71 SD+ 32.226. 62.4 % had splenomegaly, 66.3 % had ascites, 56.4 % had bruising and bleeding, 62.4% had varices. 20.8 % had sharp edge 48.5 % had mildly blunted edge and 30.7 % had blunt edge, '11.9% had smooth edge. 33.7% had mildly irregular edge, 39.6 % had irregular edge and 14.9 % had highly irregular edge. Regarding liver parenchymal structure 13.9 % had fine, 22.8 % had mildly coarse, 48.5 had coarse and 14.9 % had highly coarse liver parenchymal. structure.15.8 % of subjects had mild fibrosis [score 0-2], 55.4 % had moderate fibrosis [score 3-5], 28.7 % had severe fibrosis [score 6-8]

Conclusion: US scoring system is clinically useful for differentiating patients with minimal or no fibrosis from those with mild to severe fibrosis. This is also useful for prognostic information and determining the optimal therapeutic options during the follow-up of chronic liver disease

CT findings of a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma; our experience at services hospital, Lahore

Liposarcoma is the most common primary neoplasm of mesodermal origin derived from adipose tissue. It is a slow-growing tumor with a propensity to displace rather than invade adjacent structures. This article reports the CT findings of retroperitoneal liposarcoma in one patient. CT scan revealed a huge hypodense expansile mass lesion with multiple hyperdense septation inside it, giving a whorly appearance to the mass. The mass was having mainly fat [attenuation. The mass appeared to be extending from the under surface of right hemidiaphragm to the right iliac fossa. The mass displaced all the abdominal viscerae and major vessels to the left side of the abdominal cavity, origin being retroperitoneum with most probable epicenter in right renal fossa

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancy in world. It is most common gastrointestinal carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. Liver carcinoma was responsible for 9.1% gastrointestinal cancer in Qassim region. Aim to conduct survey in this region for the rate etiological factors and for other possible causes yet unknown. Out of 24 cases, only 6 were HBsAg positive, 7 anti-HCV positive, only 1 was positive having both HBsAg and Anti-HCV negative. None of the cases were alcoholic. In present study malignancy was slow growing, and there was relatively long survival after diagnosis. Older age group, male predominance and comparatively low levels of AFP were also dominant factors. It is concluded that HCC is one of the common malignancies in southwestern provinces of Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of hepatitis-B and C is also high in these regions

Morphologic variations of malignancies in relation to age, sex and histologic type

Regional differences in the pattern of cancer are obvious in Saudi Arabia. From January 2003 to December 2005 1106 new cases of cancer [642 males, 464 females] were diagnosed in Al-Qassim region. Overall lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's disease combined were the most common malignancy seen [15.10%], followed by esophageal carcinoma [7.77%]. Thyroid cancer was the most common malignancy among females [12.5%], followed by breast cancer [9.48%]. The majority of the patients were in the younger age group [77% were < 50 years of age]. Among the hematological malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent type [36.23%]. Lymphomas were also the most common malignancy [66.12%] seen in the pediatric age group [0-14 years], followed by leukemias and brain tumours. The pattern of cancer in Al-Qassim region is generally similar to other regions of Saudi Arabia, with few regional variations. Prominent among such variations is the high frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], esophageal and thyroid carinomas

Plasma cell leukemia

Plasma cell leukemia is a rare disorder. A case of 45 years old male, admitted with the complaints of generalized weakness, dizziness, recurrent epistaxis and swelling in front of his neck but not lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenimegaly. There were 24% plasma cells on peripheral film. Skeletal survey did not show any lytic lesions. Cell markers were positive for CD-38 but negative for CD-56. This favours the diagnosis of primary plasma cell leukemia